Afghanistan History Home
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1 Persian Achaemeniad control
2 Greek control
3 Indian control
4 Parthian control
5 Greco-Bactrian control
6 Yüeh-Chi (Kushans)
7 Sasanid Persian rule
8 Arab muslim dynastic rule
9 Competing local dynasties
10 Seljuk Turks (Selyucids)
11 Shansabani Persians of Ghür (Ghürids)
12 Khwärezm-Shahs (Uzbekhs)
13 The Mongols
14 Sarbardarids
15 Timurids
16 Eastern Afghanistan
17 Western Afghanistan
18 Independent Afghanistan under the Hotaki Khans
19 Return of the Safavid Persians
20 Shah Nader's Persian Empire and the unifying of Afghanistan
21 Independent Afghanistan under the House of Durrani
22 House of Baraksay
23 Republic of Afghanistan: The presidency of Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan
24 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
25 Russian occupation
26 Civil war: Post-Russian occupation
27 Civil war: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
28 Taliban rule
29 Post-Taliban rule
  
  
  Updated November 2001
  Compiled by Dr Kevin Vang © 2001
  Website by Ahmet Bektas (web ).
8.0 ARAB MUSLIM DYNASTIC RULE
642-661 After the fall of the Sasanids, Afghanistan from West to East gradually comes under the control of the Muslim invaders. Afghanistan (Korasan, Seistan and Kabul) becomes a center of insurrections and break-away movements, and continues to be divided in local principalities with only passing control from the Muslim dynasties on its fringe.
642-464 Caliph Omar: Arab Muslims conquest the Sasinid Empire and rest control of the Sasanid Territory. Was designated Caliph 634. Assasinated in 644 by a Persian Slave
644-656 Caliph Otman: Continuing conquests of Persian Empire and Egypt Assasinated.
656-661 First Civil War of Succession: Ali, the cousin of Mohammad and Caliph Muawia dispute succession: after a stalemate at the Battle of Siffin in 657, the matter was reduced to Arbitration at the Arbitration of Adhroh, Ali retires back to his village and is assassinated in 661 After Ali's assassination, he reigns virtually unopposed. Dies 680. Founds the Omeyan Dynasty
8.1 OMEYAD CALIPHATE
660-680 Caliph Muawia and the Omeyan Caliphate: The Muslim armies advance to the East under Lieutenant Ziyad ibn Abihi and take control of the Sind, Indus Valley and Eastern Afghanistan with the fall of Kabul 664 and the crossing of the Oxo in 670 into the Uzbekh Region.
680 Second Civil War of Succession: Husayn, Ali's second son, claims the throne over, Muawia's named successor. He is defeated in 680 in the Battle of Kerbala
680-682 Caliph Yazid I: challenged by Abdala ibn Zubayr who was defeated in the Battle of Herra near Mecca but Yazid soon dies. Zubayr's caliphate is recognized in some countries
682 Muawia II: dies very quickly.
682-684 Marwan ibn al-Hakam: named Omeyad heir, but the Arab Caliphate quickly falls apart with the various claims of Caliph. Last of the Omeyad Caliphs.
8.2 OMEYAD CALIPHATE (MARWANIDAS)
684-685 Marwan I: Proclaimed Caliph in Syria and regains Egypt from Abdala ibn Zubayr.
685-700 Caliph Abdelmalik (son): Regains order and consolidates the Caliphate especially after the capture of Mecca and the death of Abdala ibn Zubayr. Defeats the rebellion of Ibn al-Ashath in Afgahnistan and regains Kabul 700.
699-700 Ibn al-Ashath: Leads a rebellion in Eastern Afghanistan and is proclaimed Caliph. Defeated soon thereafter by Abdelmalik who regains Kabul
705-715 Walid I (son): Extends the Caliphate to China in the Northeast and the Sind and Punjab in the Southeast and to Spain in the West.
715-717 Soliman (brother): Extends Empire to Southern France and Hircania
717-720 Omar ibn Abdelaziz (cousin)
720-724 Yazid II (3rd son of Abdelmalik): Faces major defeats and revolts throughout the Caliphate especially in and around the Afghanistan (Korasan) area where the Abbasids begin to gain power.
724-743 Hixem (brother): Puts down the revolts in the Korasan area with the help of the Governor of Korasan, Asad al-Kasri.
743-744 Walid II (nephew): beheaded in a Yemeni revolt by his successor cousin.
744 Yazid III (cousin): survives only two months
744-756 Marwan II (grandson of Marwan I): Caliphate plagued by revolts and insurrections, one of the greatest being in Korasan by the Abbasids under Abu Muslin who succeed in taking the greater part of Iran, Turkmenia and Afghanistan. Marwan was finally killed while trying to take refuge in Egypt.
8.3 ABBASID CALIPHATE
750 Overview: Afghanistan under the Abbasids was the continual center of insurrections, revolts and break-away independent principalities.
750-754 Caliph Abul-Abbas al-Saffah: First Abbasid Caliph
754-775 Caliph Almanzor (brother) plagued by many revolts in the Afghan region.
755 Almanzor orders the assassination of Abu Muslim whose great power he feels is a threat to his own. Muslim's followers revolt in Korasan in 755.
767 Insurrection of Ustad Sis in Korasan and Sistan
775-785 Caliph Al-Mahdi (son) also plaqued by revolts in the Afghan region.
775-778 Revolt of the prophet Mokanna in Korasan.
780 Rise of the Zindico Sect in Korasan
785 Caliph Al-Hadi (son): Rules only 1 year
785-809 Caliph Harun al-Raschid (1001 Nights): Reestablishes the control of the Caliphate over Kabul and Sanhar 787.
809-813 Caliph Al-Amin (son): Embroiled in a Civil War with his brother Mamun, surrenders Caliphate and is quickly assassinated.
813-833 Caliph Mamun the Great (brother): With the attention of the Caliphate turned to the West and continuing struggle with Byzantium, the Eastern provinces begin to break away.
 

© 2001 by Kevin Vang

Website by Ahmet Bektas (web)