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7.0
SASANID PERSIAN RULE |
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226-240 AD |
King Ardaxir and Sasanid Persian Empire: After defeating
the last Parthian King Artaban, and unifying Persia and establishing
the Empire, the Sasanids begin to conquest and occupy areas of Afghanistan
near the Persian frontier centering around Bagram. The word "Abgan"
first appears at this time to describe the people of the area. |
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240-271 |
Sapor I (son) |
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271-272 |
Hormisdas I (son) |
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272-275 |
Vararan I (brother) |
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275-282 |
Vararan II (son): Annexes the remaining principalities of
Kushan Kingdom and extends control to northern India |
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282 |
Vararan III (son) |
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282-301 |
Narses (brother): abdicated |
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301-309 |
Hormisdas II |
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309-379 |
Sapor II (son): Long reining Monarch consolidates Empire
and defends it from the Hephtalite Huns in the East and the Romans
in the West. |
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379-383 |
Ardaxir II |
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383-388 |
Sapor III |
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388-399 |
Vararan IV |
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399-420 |
Yezdigird I
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| 7.1 ALTERNATING RULES OF THE SASANID
PERSIANS AND HEPHTALITE HUNS |
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407-642 AD |
Overview: During the various conquests in Afghanistan of
this period, local Kushan Princes (see§6.0) or other leaders
from Central Asian ethnic groups usually exercised local control,
while submitting to the general control of the Persian or Hun overlords.
NOTE: Persian entries in bold-normal and Hun entries in bold-italics. |
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407 |
Hephtalites (White Huns or Haytal): This group of
Central Asian nomads (a branch of the Mogol Juan-Juan group) begins
to rest control of Afghanistan and Northern India from the Sasanids. |
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420-440 |
Vararan V (son): Leads several Persian campaigns against
the White Huns and holds the line at the Oxo River. |
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440-457 |
Yezdigird II: At first succeeds in holding off the White
Huns on the Northern Border, but suffered a strong defeat at the end
of his rule when the Huns crossed the Oxo River. |
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457-459 |
Hormisdas III (son): defeated by his brother |
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459-483 |
Firuz (Perozes) (brother): Conspires with the Huns
to defeat his brother. Sues for a humiliating peace after defeats
by the Huns. Killed by the Huns |
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464-484 |
Khan Khush-Newaz of the Huns: The
Huns cement their control over Afghanistan by several crushing defeats
on the Sasinid King Firuz. |
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483-485 |
Vologese (Balas) (brother): Constrained to pay tribute to
the Huns during his short reign. |
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485-498 |
Kobad (son)(1rst Reign): Formally allies Persia to the Huns
who continue to subjugate them. |
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498-501 |
Zamasp (brother): Leads a religious coup and topples his
brother |
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501-530 |
Kobad (2nd Reign): Accompanied by his Hun allies retakes
the throne. Falls foul of the Huns who attempt further incursions.
Defeats the Huns and begins the return of the Sasanids over all of
Afghanistan. |
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531-579 |
Anusirvan The Just (Cosroes I) (son): Returns the
Sasanid Empire to its former heights. Leads a coalition of Western
Turks and conquests the bulk of Afghanistan from the Hephtalite Huns.
Establishes the border with the Western Turks at the Oxo River. Creates
the satrapies of Kuzistan, Korasan and Kerman in the Afghan area. |
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553-557 |
Final defeat and subjugation of the Hephtalite Huns. The
Huns are defeated by the Sasanid Persians under Anusirvan the Just.
The Huns however continue their control of the areas of Punjab and
Rajputana to the East until the 11th Century. |
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579-589 |
Hormisdas IV (Hormazd) (son): At the end of his rein the
Turks and Arabs begin encroaching. After a major defeat by Rome, he
is assassinated. |
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589-590 |
Khusru Parvis (Cosroes II) (son) (1rst Reign): forced
into exile by the rebellion of general Bahram |
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590-591 |
Bahram (Vararan VI): Seizes throne but is deposed by his
predecessor with the help of the Roman Emperor Mauricio |
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591-628 |
Khusru Parvis (Cosroes II) (son) (2nd Reign): Extends
the Persian Empire to its greatest extent winning a series of wars
against Rome in the West and occupying modern day Greece and the Balkans,
but suffers major defeats during the end of his reign which initiates
the final down fall of the Empire. |
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628-629 |
Kobad II (Siroes): Made peace with Rome but was killed in
a plague: |
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629-634 |
Anarchy: Khusru sons, Purandukht and Azarmidukht, try to
hold the throne but a majoer civil war breaks out with a series of
pretenders as the Empire disintegrates further. |
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634-642 |
Yezdegerd III: last Sasanid King, Empire conquered by Muslim
Arabs in 642, and the eastern provinces annexed. He flees into exile
in Balkh and is assassinated near Merv in 651. |
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© 2001 by Kevin
Vang
Website by Ahmet Bektas
(web)
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