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2.0 GREEK CONTROL |
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The Greeks under the command of Alexander
the Great conquer the Persian Empire and subsequently conquer and
occupy most of modern day Afghanistan. They will rule for about 20
years when India’s Maurya Dynasty will conquer the Eastern part
of the country. They will continue ruling in the west for about 60
years. |
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330-323 BC
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Alexander III the Great: Commences the attack on the Persian's
Afghan Satraps of Drangiana, Arachiosa and Bactria in 330 conquering
most of the territory that year. He continues battling in Bactria,
Sogdiana and Arachiosa until 327 until he heads east into Indian kingdoms.
Founds many cities including Ghazni (Alexandria) founded at modern
day village of Ai Khanoum (near modern day Shortugai). Dies 323. |
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329 BC
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Artabazos: named Satrap of Baktria by Alexander. He is the
younger brother of Darius III. |
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| 2.1 RULE OF
THE GREEK DIADOCHI |
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323-280 BC
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Diadocian Wars between Alexander's Generals, the Diadochi.
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323-321 BC
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Two Kings / Regency of Perdikkas: After initial confusion
immediately after Alexanders death, two kings are recognized but one
is a halfwit (Philip III) and the other newly born, (Alexander IV,
born to the Sogdianan Princess, Roxane). Perdikkas, Alexander's
ranking general after Hephaistion's death, becomes Regent of Asia
and Guardian of the two kings. Antipatros continues as Regent
of Macedonia and Greece. Ptolemy becomes Satrap of Egypt. Antigonus
becomes Satrap of Phryigia and Lycia, and Lysimachus becomes
Satrap of Thrace. Krateros, whom Alexander had sent to replace
Antipatros in Macedon never achieves regency, but is made co-guardian
of the Kings. |
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323-321 BC
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Perdikkas (Regent of Asia, Guardian of the Kings, Former
ranking General of Alexander): After initial confusion immediately
after Alexander’s death, he emerges as the principle regent by
virtue of the fact that he was Alexander's ranking general and because
Alexander had given him the regent's ring (although it is unclear
in what capacity it was given). He attempts to marry Kleopatra, Alexander's
sister and Philip II’s daughter to improve his position. He is
killed by mutinous generals after he leads an unsuccessful attack
against Ptolemy near Memphis. Krateros, the Kings co-guardian,
is killed by troops of Eumenes on the Asian side of the Straits. Peithon
and Arrybas temporarily become the King's Guardians. |
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323-317 BC
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Philip III Arridaios (half-brother): Half-wit son of Philip II and
a minor wife, Philinna. After initial confusion immediately after
Alexander’s death, Philip is reluctantly put on the throne by
Alexander's Macedon army in Babylon. Marries Eurydike, daughter
of Amyntas, son of Perdikkas III. They are killed together in 317
by Queen Olympias. |
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323-310 BC
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Alexander IV (son, to Roxane the Sogdianan Princess): Is
born just after his father's death. He and Roxane are poisoned by
Kassander who feared his coming of age. |
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323 BC
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Ptolemy I / Egypt (possibly Alexander's half-brother by Philip
II): Takes up his Satrap / de facto Kingship over Egypt. Continues
to build up Alexandria. He commissions the completion of the tomb,
which Alexander was building for Hephaistion, to be used for Alexander.
Alexander and his golden sarcophagus are brought from Babylon to Memphis
and then to Alexandria. Defeats Perdikkas in 321. |
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321-319 BC
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Regency of Antipatros: (Regent of Macedon and Greece
for both Philip II and Alexander III): After Perdikkas's defeat, he
is proclaimed Regent over Greece and Asia and Guardian of the Kings
at Triparadisus (Syria). He is 80 years old. He appoints his son Kassander
and Antigonos as imperial generals. Dies naturally in 319. |
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319-316 BC
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Guardianship of Polyperchon: Appointed Guardian of the Kings
by Antipatros on his deathbed. He does not seek the election to regent.
He appoints Eumenes as imperial general. Defeated by Kassander
in 316. Eumenes is killed by Antigonos in 317. |
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318- BC
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Rebellion of Kassander and Antigonos: Kassander rejected
by his father Antipatros as Guardian, leads a rebellion against Polyperchon
with Antigonos who has designs to take Asia. Kassander lands at Piraeus
threatening Athens in 317. Greece begins to fragment into increasing
anarchy. Polyperchon takes his forces south to engage Kassander. Athens
comes to terms and Arkadia falls. |
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316-302 BC
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Antigonos (General of Alexander): In constant warfare with
Seleuco who rests the Eastern satrapies of Afghanistan in 311. Finally
defeated by Seleuco in 302. |
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311-280 BC
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Seleukos (General of Alexander): Seizes the eastern satrapies
of Afghanistan in 311 and the Western Satrapies in 302. Forms the
Seleucid Empire, which rules from modern Iraq (Baghdad). |
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| 2.2 SELEUCIDS GREEKS |
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311-280 BC |
Seleuco: See Above. The Seleucids continue to control the North
and west of Afghanistan until driven out in the North by the Greco-Bactrians
and in the South by the Parthians. |
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280-261 BC |
Antioco I Soter |
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261-246 BC |
Antioco II Teos (son): Bactria begins to assert its independence. |
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246-226 BC |
Seleuco II Calinico (son) Bactria fully independent from
Seleucid Empire. |
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226-223 BC |
Seleuco III Soter (son) |
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223-187 BC |
Antioco III The Great (brother): Forces Bactria to enter
into an alliance with him whereby Bactria becomes a vassel state to
the Seleucid Empire. After his defeat by the Romans in 189, Bactria
again asserts its independence. |
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© 2001 by Kevin
Vang
Website by Ahmet Bektas
(web)
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